Camera traps reveal hidden population of greater hog badgers in Kaziranga

A recent scientific assessment in Assam’s Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve has uncovered a previously hidden population of greater hog badgers (*Arctonyx collaris*). The study, published in June, estimates at least 55 individuals across 1,100 square kilometres of surveyed area, revealing that the species occupies nearly half the landscape.

## Elusive species captured on camera

Researchers from the Kaziranga Tiger Cell, Wildlife Conservation Trust (WCT), and The Fishing Cat Project analysed thousands of camera trap images collected during the All India Tiger Estimation 2026 exercise between February and May. The greater hog badger, a nocturnal and elusive mammal, was independently detected more than 140 times from 857 camera-trap locations over four months.

C. Ramesh, director of Kaziranga National Park, notes that the species was previously thought to be extremely rare due to infrequent sightings. However, the camera traps revealed its presence in nearly 50% of the surveyed grids. The actual population is likely higher, as the probability of detecting a hog badger during a single survey was only about 20%. The survey’s design, focused on tigers, may have limited its accuracy for smaller mammals with different movement patterns.

## Habitat and ecological role

The greater hog badger is found across parts of South, Central, and Southeast Asia, including northeastern India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and Bangladesh. In Assam, it has been recorded along the eastern boundary of Kaziranga. Listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, the species faces threats from habitat loss, fragmentation, and human pressures such as road development, tourism, and accidental snaring. It is protected under Schedule I of India’s Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

Despite its protected status, the species remains one of the least-studied mammals in Kaziranga. Arun Vignesh, Divisional Forest Officer of Kaziranga, explains that the greater hog badger is most active in woodlands, particularly at the edge of tall grasslands. Unlike iconic species like tigers, rhinos, and elephants, the badger rarely features in local folklore or public awareness. In Assamese, it is known as *mati gahori* (earth pig) due to its pig-like snout and terrestrial habits.

The species plays a crucial role in Kaziranga’s ecosystem. As a fossorial omnivore, it contributes to soil aeration, nutrient redistribution, and leaf litter turnover through its digging activities. This behaviour enhances soil health and supports seed germination and microhabitat formation for other species. Its presence also serves as an indicator of ecosystem health, as it thrives in pristine environments.

## Floods and future research

Kaziranga’s annual floods present challenges for many species, including the greater hog badger. While little is known about how the species adapts to rising waters, some observations suggest it climbs trees or fallen logs to avoid floodwaters. Uttam Saikia, a former Honorary Wildlife Warden of Kaziranga, notes that the species rarely enters human settlements, even during floods.

Researchers are particularly interested in understanding the badger’s nesting habits, as burrowing animals typically build nests to withstand flooding. The recent assessment provides a baseline for future studies, but Ramesh emphasizes the need for long-term monitoring tailored to the species. For now, the badger will continue to be monitored through regular camera-trap exercises, with findings published to inform conservation efforts.

The greater hog badger’s story in Kaziranga highlights the importance of studying lesser-known species that quietly sustain ecosystems. As Ramesh notes, understanding an ecosystem requires looking beyond its most visible inhabitants to recognise the many others that play vital roles.